Mitejn mija snin ta ' żvilupp storja ta' vakwu kisi magna teknoloġija u tagħmir

Mitejn mija snin ta ' żvilupp storja ta' vakwu kisi magna teknoloġija u tagħmir

Electroless coating was first used to prepare a protective film on the surface of optical components. Subsequently, in 1817, Fraunhofe attacked glass with concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid in Germany, and obtained an anti-reflection film for the first time by accident. Before 1835, someone deposited a silver mirror film by a chemical wet selection method. They are the first optical glasses prepared in the world. film. Aktar tard, diversi ottiċi films kienu inkwadrati in kimiċi soluzzjonijiet u fwar. In the 1950s, ħlief għal xi applikazzjonijiet ta' antireflection kisjiet għal kbar twieqi, kimika soluzzjoni kisi kien gradwalment sostitwit minn vacuum kisi.

Vacuum evaporation and sputtering, the two vacuum physical coating processes, are the two most important processes for preparing optical thin films in the industrial field so far. They were applied on a large scale, in fact, after the appearance of oil diffusion pumps in 1930, mechanical pumping systems.

Fi 1935% 2c xi ħadd żviluppat a saff wieħed anti-riflessjoni film depożitat by vakwu evaporazzjoni. Iżda tagħha l-ewwel applikazzjoni kien fi spectacle lentijiet wara 1945.

Fi 1938, il United States and Europe developed double-layer anti-reflection coatings, but it was not sa 1949 li kwalità prodotti kienu prodotti .

Fi 1965, a broadband three-layer anti-reflection system was developed. In terms of reflective film, General Electric Company of the United States produced the first aluminum-coated lamp in 1937. Il-Ġermanja made the first anti-abraxion hard rhodium film for medical use in the same year. In terms of filters, Germany experimented in 1939 to deposit a metal-dielectric film Fabry-Perot-type interference filter.

Fi il-qasam ta' sputtering kisi, about 1858, riċerkaturi in Gran Brittanja u Ġermanja suċċessivament skoperta sputtering in il-laboratorju. It teknoloġija għadda a bil-mod proċess ta'żvilupp.

In 1955, after Wehner proposed high-frequency sputtering technology, sputtering coating developed rapidly and became an important optical thin film process. Deposition processes such as bipolar sputtering, tripolar sputtering, reactive sputtering, magnetron sputtering and dual ion sputtering are available.

Peress il 1950s, ottiku irqiq films żviluppaturi żviluppaturi malajr prinċipalment in f'żewġ aspetti: kisi proċess u għajnuna/kompjuter-aided design. In terms of coating, a series of based new technologies have been researched and applied.

In 1953, Auwarter of Germany applied for a patent for optical film coating by reactive evaporation, and proposed a proposal to increase chemical reactivity with ionized gas.

Fi 1964, Mattox introdott the ion plating system based on previous research work. The ion system at that time worked under a pressure of 10Pa and a discharge voltage of 2KV, and was used for coating wear-resistant and decorative coatings on metals, and was not adaptable for coating for coating for coating optical films. Later, high-frequency ion plating was used to deposit optical films on insulating materials bħal glass. Since the 1970s, a series of new technologies such as ion-assisted deposition, reactive ion plating and plasma chemical vapor been studied and applied. They provide sufficient activation energy due to the use of energetic ions, increasingthe rate of reaction at the surface. It itejjeb il-mobilità ta adatomi u avoids il-formazzjoni ta' columnar microstructures, b'hekk titjib il-prestazzjoni ta' ottika rqiq films għal varjanti gradi, li is ir-riċerka u żvilupp direzzjoni ta' ottika rqiq film manifattura teknoloġija.

Fi fatt, l-iżvilupp proċess ta' vacuum coating is far more complicated. Let's take a look at this mitejn sena technological process:

19 seklu

Vacuum kisi għandu a storja ta ' 200 snin. In il 19th seklu , it can be qal li it dejjem kien fi l-istadju ta ' esplorazzjoni u qabel ir-riċerka. It-tbatijiet ta' l- esploraturi kienu kompletament riflessi matul dan dan il-perjodu .

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